乌司他丁对老年髋关节置换患者术后并发症影响的病例对照研究

目的：探讨围手术期应用乌司他丁对老年髋关节置换患者术后并发症的预防作用。方法：自2009年8月至2010年6月,选择择期行髋关节置换术的老年患者160例,男81例,女79例;年龄65～83岁,平均73.9岁。按美国麻醉医师协会病情估计分级（ASA）属Ⅰ-Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为对照组（C组）和乌司他丁组（U组）,每组80例。U组手术切皮前一次性注射乌司他丁1万U/kg,术后l、2、3d缓慢静脉注射乌司他丁5000U/kg;C组只给予等量生理盐水。分别于术前1d、术毕及术后1、2、3d采血测定肝肾功能,包括谷丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）和D二聚体水平,并于术后3d应用彩色多普勒超声检查下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）形成,简易智能状态检查法（MMSE）进行认知功能障碍（POCD）测试。结果：与术前比较,两组患者术后ALT、AST、Scr、BUN和D二聚体水平均升高;与C组比较,U组术后ALT、AST、Scr、BUN和D二聚体水平降低（P〈0.05）。术后3d,C组有32例形成DVT（40%）,22例发生POCD（27.5%）,U组无DVT发生,仅3例发生POCD（3.75%）。结论：围手术期应用乌司他丁能保护重要脏器功能,改善高凝状态,降低DVT和POCD的发生,一定程度预防术后并发症。     

Clinical parameters and radiographic resorption of a novel magnesium based bone void filler

BackgroundBone voids can present challenging problems for the Orthopaedic surgeon, and are often treated with backfilling followed by structural stabilization. Recently, a magnesium based, and presumably resorbable, bone void filler (BVF) has been developed, but has limited longitudinal clinical data. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate clinically relevant parameters and radiographic resorption characteristics of this novel magnesium based BVF (MgBVF) with long-term clinical data.MethodsAll patients who underwent surgery by a single surgeon in which MgBVF was utilized from 2019 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical parameters including evidence of infection, wound breakdown, and wound drainage were reviewed. Radiographic resorption, evidence of joint extrusion of BVF, heterotopic ossification, and subsidence was assessed at each post-operative visit. Those with less than 6 month follow up were excluded from radiographic analysis of resorption. Postoperative images at two weeks were compared to each subsequent radiograph during follow up, and reviewed by each of the three authors in blinded fashion. Interval radiographs were assigned a grade of radiographic resorption which corresponded to estimated percent resorption: grade 1 (0–25%), grade 2 (25–50%), grade 3 (50–75%), or grade 4 (75–100%). After 2 weeks, this process was repeated, and both inter and intraobserver reliability scores were calculated.ResultsForty-two patients were identified for clinical review, and 18 for radiographic review. Average length of follow up was 209±113 days. Five patients experienced a postoperative complication: two wound infections, one delayed wound healing, one sterile serous drainage, and one catastrophic failure of the fixation construct. Four patients were noted to have postoperative joint subsidence of 2 mm or less. Average grade of resorption was found to be 1.5 ± 0.8, 1.7 ± 0.9, 2.9 ± 0.9, and 3.6 ± 0.6 at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, respectively (p<0.001). Average kappa (intrarater reliability) was found to be 0.61, 0.41, 0.55, and 0.63 for each time interval, respectively. Interrater reliability increased form 0.19 at 6 weeks to 0.42 at 1 year.ConclusionThis novel MgBVF demonstrates clinically relevant resorption, provides structural support in challenging bone voids, and does not appear to significantly increase risk of complications, setting it apart from previously described BVF's.     

麻醉前加温输液对蛛网膜下腔麻醉患者中心体温及寒战的影响

目的评估麻醉前加温输液对蛛网膜下腔麻醉患者中心体温及寒战的影响。方法ASAⅠ级、择期在蛛网膜下腔麻醉下行下肢骨科手术患者120例,随机分为麻醉前加温输液组(A组)及麻醉前未加温输液组(B组),每组60例。A组患者以输液加温器加温液体,保证整个输液过程液体温度在37.5±0.5℃范围内;B组患者未在蛛网膜下腔麻醉前加温输液,待麻醉完成后开始以37.5±0.5℃温度加温输液。比较两组患者入手术室、麻醉开始前、蛛网膜下腔麻醉后5、10、20、30、45、60、90、120min、术毕的中心体温(肛温),寒战程度、发生率及发生时间。结果(1)A组患者各时间点中心体温相似(F=1.157,P=0.108),B组患者各时间点中心体温差异有统计学意义(F=2.355,P=0.032),其中以蛛网膜下腔麻醉前、蛛网膜下腔麻醉后5、10、20、30min较低;麻醉前、蛛网膜下腔麻醉后5、10、20、30min,A组患者中心体温明显高于B组(t=2.578、2.822、2.173、2.137、2.157;P=0.021、0.009、0.032、0.039、0.036);蛛网膜下腔麻醉后45、60、90、120min及术毕两组患者的中心体温相似;(2)A组有9例(15%)患者出现寒战, B组有29例(48%)患者出现寒战,寒战总发生率A组低于B组(χ²=15.404,P=0.001),其中0~5min期间及5~10min期间A组低于B组(χ²=6.400,P=0.011;χ²=5.217,P=0.022),而10~20min期间两组相似(χ²=3.077,P=0.079)。寒战发生程度1、2、3、4级者A组分别为5、3、1及0例,B组分别为10、8、9及2例。结论与麻醉后加温输液相比,蛛网膜下腔麻醉前加温输液能有效保持患者中心体温,并明显降低蛛网膜下腔麻醉后寒战的发生率。     

A retrospective study of spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions

BackgroundElectric bicycles related collisions could lead to severe consequences in spine injuries, while no study had comprehensively investigated the epidemiology and demography of spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions.Questions/purposesThe aim of this study is to (1) describe the epidemiological characteristics of spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions, (2) develop clinical guideline of spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions and (3) support the new road safety policy for electric bicycle riders.MethodsA retrospective review of spine injuries in electric bicycle related collisions was performed from 86 patients in an urban trauma center between 2018 and 2020. The variables including gender, age, radiographic findings, associated injuries, neurologic injuries, treatment, average length of stay were fully collected. Chi-square test and paired sample mean t-test were used to test for statistically significant differences. All statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions 20.0.0 software. A P<0.001 was considered as significant.ResultsA total of 86 cases were involved in electric bicycles related collisions lead to spine injuries. The spine injuries victims were predominantly male (79.07%) and middle-aged (41-60years, 44.19%). The most common spine injuries were L1 fractures (10.48%). The most common fracture type was AO Fracture Classification type A (71.40%). Age and multivertebral fractures had significant difference between patients who suffered from an ASOI and from those who did not (P-value: 0.005, 0.005). There was significant difference between patients who suffered from neurologic injuries and from those who did not in AO Classification, multivertebral fractures and ASOI (P-value: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.032). Age, AO Classification, multivertebral fractures, ASOI and neurologic injuries had significant difference to influence patients’ ISS and ALOS.ConclusionsSpine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions may make patients suffer from severe consequences including their potential permanent disability, economic cost, or even life safety. Patients with spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions should be paid close attention to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Helmet, protective clothing or other safety gear should be required to use to provide greater protection for electric bicycle riders.     

术中微泵静脉注射右美托咪定对七氟烷全身麻醉小儿苏醒期躁动的影响

目的评价微泵静脉注射Dex 0.2μg/(kg·h)对七氟烷吸入全身麻醉下腹腔镜腹股沟斜疝手术小儿苏醒期躁动(EA)的影响。方法研究采用双盲、随机、对照方法。美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)Ⅰ级、择期全身麻醉下行腹腔镜腹股沟斜疝手术小儿60名,采用数字表法随机分为Dex组(D组)及生理盐水对照组(C组),每组30例。D组患儿气管插管后微泵静脉注射浓度为2μg/ml Dex 0.2μg/(kg·h),C组患儿微泵静脉注射生理盐水0.1ml/(kg·h)。术中吸入1%~2%七氟烷维持麻醉,保持BIS评分在40~60之间。缝合皮肤时,停用七氟烷及Dex,送至麻醉苏醒室(PACU)。以Wong-Baker疼痛脸谱评估患儿疼痛程度,以小儿苏醒期躁动量表(PAED)评估患儿EA程度,PAED≥10分表示EA。记录、比较两组患儿入室时(T0)、麻醉诱导完成后(T1)、手术开始5min(T2)、10min(T3)、术毕(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR);患儿苏醒时间,拔管时间、PACU留置时间;苏醒期明显疼痛(Wong-Baker疼痛评分≥6)患儿人数、比例及曲马多用量;EA发生人(次)数、比例及丙泊酚用量;PACU期间患儿呼吸抑制、恶心、呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果 T2、T3、T4时间点D组患儿HR明显慢于T0(P<0.05),也明显慢于C组患儿(P<0.05);C组、D组患儿T1时间点MAP均明显低于T0(P<0.05);D组患儿苏醒时间、拔管时间分别为8.9±2.1min、10.5±2.1min,明显长于C组(P<0.05),但PACU留置时间与C组相似(P>0.05);D组、C组患儿EA发生率分别为10%(3例)、53.3%(16例),C组EA发生率明显高于D组(P<0.05);明显疼痛人数两组发生率相似(P>0.05),两组各有1例(3.3%)患儿发生呼吸抑制不良反应,但均为一过性,通过吸氧、托下颌等措施及时纠正。两组患儿PACU期间未发生恶心呕吐。结论气管插管后以0.2μg/(kg·h)静脉注射Dex能有效降低七氟烷吸入全身麻醉腹腔镜下腹股沟斜疝手术小儿EA的发生率。     

曲马多或左旋布比卡因切口浸润对全身麻醉剖宫产术后疼痛的影响

目的观察曲马多或左旋布比卡因切口浸润对全身麻醉剖宫产患者术后疼痛的影响。方法将美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)分组Ⅰ～Ⅱ级全身麻醉下急诊或择期剖宫产产妇90例,随机分为左旋布比卡因组(L组)、曲马多组(T组)及0.9%氯化钠注射液组(N组),每组30例。缝合腹直肌筋膜后,L组、T组、N组分别由手术医生沿切口皮下注射0.25%左旋布比卡因20 mL、曲马多1.5 mg/kg(以0.9%氯化钠注射液稀释至20 mL)、0.9%氯化钠注射液20 mL。产妇完全苏醒且能正确对答后即行患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)。每隔3 min分次静脉注射曲马多20 mg/kg作为负荷剂量,直至疼痛VAS不超过3 cm;PCIA参数设定为1%曲马多单次剂量2 mL(20 mg)、锁定时间15 min、背景剂量0.5 mL/h。静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠20～40 mg作为曲马多镇痛效果欠佳的补救措施。比较3组产妇苏醒后即刻、术后2,4,8,12,24 h 5个时间点产妇静息或运动状态疼痛VAS、24 h内曲马多用量、帕瑞昔布用量、术后瘙痒、呕吐、发热、切口感染等不良反应。结果 L组、T组产妇苏醒后即刻疼痛VAS分别为(4.6±1.3)cm,(4.5±1.3)cm,均低于N组的(7.7±1.8)cm(P<0.05),术后2,4,8,12,24 h疼痛VAS 3组相似(P>0.05);与N组相比,L组、T组24 h内曲马多用量明显减少(P=0.000 1),与L组相比,T组曲马多用量明显减少(P=0.007);3组产妇术后24 h内帕瑞昔布用量,以及瘙痒、呕吐、发热、切口感染等不良反应相似(P>0.05)。结论 0.25%左旋布比卡因及1.5 mg/kg曲马多切口浸润能有效降低全射麻醉剖宫产产妇苏醒期疼痛VAS、减少术后24 h内静脉曲马多用量,且不增加术后不良反应;与0.25%左旋布比卡因相比,曲马多切口浸润产妇术后曲马多用量更少。     

布比卡因单独或联合右美托咪定腰麻用于全膝关节置换术的剂量-效应关系

目的：确定布比卡因（Bup）单独或联合右美托咪定（Dex）腰麻用于全膝关节置换术（TKA）的剂量-效应关系。方法：ASAⅠ～Ⅱ、CSEA下行TKA患者162名,随机分为B组、BD1组及BD2组,每组54名。按Bup腰麻剂量（6～11mg）不同,再分为6个亚组,注入不同剂量Bup、Bup联合2μg或4μg Dex。成功麻醉标准为腰麻后15min内感觉平面阻滞达T12、运动神经阻滞完善;有效抑制止血带疼痛反应标准为上止血带期间无疼痛感受。以Probit法计算单独或联合不同剂量Dex成功麻醉及有效抑制止血带疼痛反应Bup腰麻的ED50及ED95。结果：三组患者麻醉成功率相似。BD1组及BD2组开始术后镇痛时间明显晚于B组;B纽、BD1组、BD2组成功麻醉Bup腰麻的ED50及ED95相似;BD1组、BD2组有效抑制止血带疼痛反应的ED50分别为5．5mg、5．3mg,低于B组的7．2mg（P〈0．05）;ED95分别为8．2mg、7．9mg,低于B组的9．9mg（P〈0．05）。结论：蛛网膜下隙注入2μg或4μg Dex对TKA患者成功麻醉Bup腰麻的ED50、ED95没有影响,但能明显降低有效抑制止血带疼痛反应Bup的ED50、ED95。     

右美托咪定辅助臂丛神经阻滞用于断指再植术的临床观察

目的评价右美托咪定(Dex)辅助臂丛神经阻滞(BPB)用于断指再植术的效果。方法美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)Ⅰ级、行断指再植术急诊手外伤患者80例,采用数字表法随机分为Dex组(D组)及生理盐水对照组(N组),每组40例。BPB成功后15min,D组患者10min内匀速静脉滴注4μg/ml Dex负荷剂量0.8μg/kg,继以0.4μg/(kg·h)持续静脉滴注至手术结束前30min;N组患者以相同方式静脉滴注等容量生理盐水。记录患者麻醉前(T0)、静脉用药即刻(T1)、手术开始(T2)、手术15min(T3)、手术30min(T4)、手术60min(T5)及手术结束时(T6)平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脑电双频指数(BIS)及血糖(Glu)浓度。记录术中低血压、心动过缓、过度镇静、呼吸抑制等不良反应。结果与T0时间点相比,D组患者T2~T6时间点MAP、HR、BIS均较低(P<0.05),T2~T6时间点D组患者MAP、HR、BIS均明显低于N组(P<0.05);与T0时间点相比,D组、N组患者T2~T6时间点血Glu浓度均较低(P<0.05);T2~T6时间点D组患者血Glu浓度明显低于N组(P<0.05);两组患者术中不良反应发生率相似。结论断指再植术时,Dex以负荷剂量0.8μg/kg、继以0.4μg/(kg·h)静脉滴注辅助BPB,镇静效果好,血流动力学稳定,并能有效抑制应激反应。     

Topic use of Annona crassiflora Mart. contributes to wound healing due to the antioxidant and proliferative effects of fibroblasts

Annona crassiflora Mart. is a species native to the Cerrado biome, whose fruit is known as araticum or marolo. Plant parts are widely used in folk medicine to treat inflammation and pain associated with rheumatism, wounds, venereal diseases, snakebites, and microbial infections. Thus, we investigated a fraction rich in phenolic compounds (PCAc) obtained from the crude extract of the peel of these fruits on non-cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and collagen biosynthesis properties in the healing of wounds induced on the back of BALB/c mice. For the control group, the induced wounds were not treated and for the others, wounds were treated topically with vehicle or vehicle plus PCAc. Both fractions contained in PCAc demonstrated effective protection on fibroblasts. We highlight the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction which, in addition to the protective effect, has a proliferative activity on these cells. In addition, PCAc caused improvement in healing after 7 days of treatment and in the longest period of treatment with PCAc (7, 14, and 21 days) there was a greater contraction of the wound, accompanied by resolution of the inflammatory process, antioxidant defense, increasing collagen synthesis, and modulation of metalloproteinases. PCAc demonstrated better re-epithelialization and organization of the dermis at the end of treatment. The changes promoted by the phenolic compounds of A. crassiflora were important in the healing process, especially in activities related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrogenesis.     

Risk of complications following surgical fixation of femoral diaphyseal fractures in children aged 4 to 12 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: There is debate regarding the optimal surgical technique for fixing femoral diaphyseal fractures in children aged 4 to 12 years. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) have issued relevant guidelines, however, there is limited evidence to support these. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the complication rate following flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN), plate fixation and external fixation (EF) for traumatic femoral diaphyseal fractures in children aged 4 to 12.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases for interventional and observational studies. Two independent reviewers screened, assessed quality and extracted data from the identified studies. The primary outcome was the risk of any complication. Secondary outcomes assessed the risk of pre-specified individual complications.Results: Nine randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 19 observational studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Within the RCTs, five analysed FIN (n = 161), two analysed plates (n = 51) and five analysed EF (n = 168). Within the observational studies, 13 analysed FIN (n = 610), seven analysed plates (n = 214) and six analysed EF (n = 153). The overall risk of complications was lower following plate fixation when compared to FIN fixation (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.73, p = 0.001) in the observational studies. The overall risk of complications was higher following EF when compared to FIN fixation in both RCTs (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.01, p = 0.003) and observational studies (RR 1.97, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.58, p<0.001). The overall risk of complications was higher following EF when compared to plate fixation in both RCTs (RR 7.42, 95% CI 1.84 to 29.98, p = 0.005) and observational studies (RR 4.39, 95% CI 2.64 to 7.30, p<0.001).Conclusion: Although NICE and the AAOS recommend FIN for femoral diaphyseal fractures in children aged 4 to 12, this study reports a significantly decreased relative risk of complications when these injuries are managed with plates. The overall quality of evidence is low, highlighting the need for a rigorous prospective multicentre randomised trial at low risk of bias due to randomisation and outcome measurement to identify if any fixation technique is superior.